Can you help me diagnost my gpg-agent, where I have tried to set up the gpg-agent services and sockets through sysetmctl --user, and configuration is handled by my fish shell initialization in:
Can you help me diagnost my gpg-agent, where I have tried to set up the gpg-agent services and sockets through sysetmctl --user, and configuration is handled by my fish shell initialization in:
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/tmux.service
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/firefox.service
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/opencode.service
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/polkit-lx-authentication-agent-1.service
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/NOTES
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/Notes
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/sway-session.target
/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket.d/.#override.conf76e806d857bf9ec5
/home/jm/.config/systemd/gpg-agent-ssh.socket.backup/.#override.conf76e806d857bf9ec5
/home/jm/.config/systemd/polkit-lx-authentication-agent-1.service
/home/jm/.config/systemd/sway-session.target
/home/jm/.config/systemd/Notes
/home/jm/.config/systemd/NOTES/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gr.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/fish_variables
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/git-dir-info.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gwt.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/llm.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gwls.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gwrm.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/rocm.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/rocm.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/tmux.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/tmux-attach.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/httpie.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/sway.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/config.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/opencode-service.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/keys.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gu.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/gha.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/ggraph.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/fish_right_prompt.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/fish_prompt.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/firefox_sandbox.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/fish_frozen_key_bindings.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/git.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/xremap.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/gpg-agent.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/fish_frozen_key_bindings.fish.bak
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/jp.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/direnv.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/b.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/fish_variablesfdd0ikaX5k
/home/jm/.config/fish/fish_variablesWDAlosbbjL
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/pythonenv.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/fish_variables.saInyc
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/rustup.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/opam.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/bat.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/parse-env.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/opencode.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/fish-lsp.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/bun.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/fish-lsp.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/cargo-update.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/functions/dotfiles.fish
/home/jm/.config/fish/completions/pnpm.fish
/home/jm/.co...<path>/home/jm/.config/fish/conf.d/gpg-agent.fish</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>1: # .gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
2: # .gnupg/gpg.conf
3: #
4: set -gx GNUPGHOME $HOME/.gnupg
5: set -gx GPG_TTY (tty)
6: set -gx SSH_AUTH_SOCK (gpgconf --list-dirs agent-ssh-socket)
7:
(End of file - total 7 lines)
</content><path>/home/jm/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket.d/.#override.conf76e806d857bf9ec5</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>1: ### Editing /home/jm/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket.d/override.conf
2: ### Anything between here and the comment below will become the contents of the drop-in file
3:
4:
5:
6: ### Edits below this comment will be discarded
7:
8:
9: ### /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket
10: # [Unit]
11: # Description=GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation)
12: # Documentation=man:gpg-agent(1) man:ssh-add(1) man:ssh-agent(1) man:ssh(1)
13: #
14: # [Socket]
15: # # If you change ListenStream, change the name in ExecStartPost below as well.
16: # ListenStream=%t/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh
17: #
18: # # After creating and binding the service notify environment
19: # # Don't get location from config file because systemd directly passes fd, overriding the config file
20: # ExecStartPost=sh -c '[ -z "$$(gpgconf --list-options gpg-agent | awk -F: \'/^enable-ssh-support:/{print$$10}\')" ] || systemctl --user set-environment "$$@"' - "SSH_AUTH_SOCK=%t/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh"
21: #
22: # # before unbinding stop exporting that we listen to socket
23: # ExecStopPre=sh -c '[ -z "$$(gpgconf --list-options gpg-agent | awk -F: \'/^enable-ssh-support:/{print$$10}\')" ] || systemctl --user unset-environment SSH_AUTH_SOCK'
24: #
25: # FileDescriptorName=ssh
26: # Service=gpg-agent.service
27: # SocketMode=0600
28: # DirectoryMode=0700
29: #
30: # [Install]
31: # WantedBy=sockets.target
(End of file - total 31 lines)
</content>No gpg-agent sockets found
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 jm jm 4096 Aug 15 2025 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 jm jm 4096 Feb 24 09:33 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 1290 Aug 15 2025 .#override.conf76e806d857bf9ec5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 298 Dec 29 12:03 /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-browser.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 281 Dec 29 12:03 /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-extra.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 223 Dec 29 12:03 /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 521 Dec 29 12:03 /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 976 Dec 29 12:03 /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket
total 200
drwx------ 6 jm jm 4096 Feb 24 09:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 61 jm jm 12288 Feb 23 12:35 ..
drwx------ 2 jm jm 4096 Aug 17 2025 crls.d
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 502 Feb 24 09:15 gpg-agent.conf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 0 Feb 10 11:03 gpg-agent.log
-rw------- 1 jm jm 19 Feb 10 08:23 .gpg-card_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 45 Feb 9 16:01 gpg.conf
-rw------- 1 jm jm 22 Feb 10 08:23 .gpg-connect_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 14 15:12 .#lk0x0000559475542fd0.eris.365544
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 10 09:32 .#lk0x0000559b08cce580.eris.6534
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 10 09:32 .#lk0x0000559b08d027d0.eris.6534
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 10 09:34 .#lk0x000055a2cad9afd0.eris.6802
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 14 15:11 .#lk0x000055d1d2373fd0.eris.364886
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 16 Feb 14 15:12 .#lk0x000056235a3e2fd0.eris.365854
drwx------ 2 jm jm 4096 Feb 10 09:32 openpgp-revocs.d
drwx------ 2 jm jm 4096 Feb 14 15:16 private-keys-v1.d
-rw------- 1 jm jm 32 Aug 17 2025 public.key.asc.gpg
drwxr-x--- 2 jm jm 4096 Aug 17 2025 public-keys.d
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 25669 Feb 18 17:03 pubring.kbx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 23240 Feb 14 15:16 pubring.kbx~
-rw------- 1 jm jm 600 Feb 23 22:15 random_seed
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 7 Feb 24 04:36 reader_0.status
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 7 Feb 10 09:28 reader_1.status
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jm jm 72 Feb 22 17:48 scdaemon.conf
-rw-r----- 1 jm jm 900 Feb 10 09:36 sshcontrol
-rw-r--r-- 1 jm jm 49152 Feb 14 15:16 tofu.db
-rw------- 1 jm jm 2520 Feb 10 09:32 trustdb.gpg
● gpg-agent.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:37:45 EST; 12min ago
Invocation: dc84c9c2f0084571aed390e0b2dd84a0
Triggers: ● gpg-agent.service
Docs: man:gpg-agent(1)
Listen: /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent (Stream)
Tasks: 0 (limit: 37236)
Memory: 4K (peak: 2M)
CPU: 4ms
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/app.slice/gpg-agent.socket
Feb 24 09:37:45 eris systemd[1803]: Starting gpg-agent.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache...
Feb 24 09:37:45 eris systemd[1803]: Listening on gpg-agent.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache.
○ gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Triggers: ● gpg-agent.service
Docs: man:gpg-agent(1)
man:ssh-add(1)
man:ssh-agent(1)
man:ssh(1)
Listen: /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh (Stream)
Feb 24 09:16:15 eris systemd[1803]: gpg-agent-ssh.socket: Socket service gpg-agent.service already active, refusing.
Feb 24 09:16:15 eris systemd[1803]: Failed to listen on gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation).
Feb 24 09:23:07 eris systemd[1803]: gpg-agent-ssh.socket: Socket service gpg-agent.service already active, refusing.
Feb 24 09:23:07 eris systemd[1803]: Failed to listen on gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation).
Feb 24 09:35:51 eris systemd[1803]: gpg-agent-ssh.socket: Socket service gpg-agent.service already active, refusing.
<path>/home/jm/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</path>
<type>file</type>
<content>1: # Cache settings - keep unlocked keys in memory longer
2: default-cache-ttl 3600
3: max-cache-ttl 7200
4:
5: # SSH support (if you use GPG keys for SSH)
6: enable-ssh-support
7:
8: # Pinentry program for passphrase prompts
9: # Choose based on your desktop environment:
10: pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-gnome3
11: # pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-qt
12: # pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-curses
13:
14: # Allow browser/external apps to use the agent
15: allow-loopback-pinentry
16:
17: # Reduce logging noise
18: log-file ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.log
19:
(End of file - total 19 lines)
</content>/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh
enable-ssh-support:0:0:enable ssh support:0:0::::1
enable-putty-support:0:0::0:0::::
/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh
srw------- 1 jm jm 0 Feb 24 09:37 /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent
srw------- 1 jm jm 0 Feb 24 04:36 /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.browser
srw------- 1 jm jm 0 Feb 24 04:36 /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.extra
srw------- 1 jm jm 0 Feb 24 04:36 /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh
Error connecting to agent: Connection refused
● gpg-agent.service - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.service; static)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:41:27 EST; 9min ago
Invocation: 1a04747c30414dfaa6e1d39c72a0b8a0
TriggeredBy: ○ gpg-agent-browser.socket
● gpg-agent.socket
○ gpg-agent-extra.socket
○ gpg-agent-ssh.socket
Docs: man:gpg-agent(1)
Main PID: 33943 (gpg-agent)
Tasks: 2 (limit: 37236)
Memory: 448K (peak: 1.7M)
CPU: 8ms
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/app.slice/gpg-agent.service
└─33943 /usr/bin/gpg-agent --supervised
Feb 24 09:41:27 eris systemd[1803]: Started gpg-agent.service - GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache.
Feb 24 09:41:27 eris gpg-agent[33943]: 2026-02-24 09:41:27 gpg-agent[33943] gpg-agent (GnuPG) 2.4.8 starting in supervised mode.
Feb 24 09:41:27 eris gpg-agent[33943]: 2026-02-24 09:41:27 gpg-agent[33943] using fd 3 for std socket (/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent)
Feb 24 09:41:27 eris gpg-agent[33943]: 2026-02-24 09:41:27 gpg-agent[33943] listening on: std=3 extra=-1 browser=-1 ssh=-1
Now I can see the issue clearly. Looking at the gpg-agent service logs:
listening on: std=3 extra=-1 browser=-1 ssh=-1
The Problem:
Gpg-agent is NOT listening on the SSH socket (ssh=-1), even though the socket file exists. This happens because:
gpg-agent.socket starts first and triggers gpg-agent.servicegpg-agent-ssh.socket tries to start afterward but fails with "Socket service gpg-agent.service already active, refusing"The Solution:
Both sockets must be active BEFORE the service starts. Here's how to fix it:
Stopping 'gpg-agent.service', but its triggering units are still active:
gpg-agent.socket
Sockets started successfully
● gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:51:22 EST; 7s ago
Invocation: f093c6a9fcce4d48a687a2160cef94a1
Triggers: ● gpg-agent.service
Docs: man:gpg-agent(1)
man:ssh-add(1)
man:ssh-agent(1)
man:ssh(1)
Listen: /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh (Stream)
Process: 36835 ExecStartPost=sh -c [ -z "$$(gpgconf --list-options gpg-agent | awk -F: '/^enable-ssh-support:/{print$$10}')" ] || systemctl --user set-environment "$$@" - SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 0 (limit: 37236)
Memory: 1.3M (peak: 4M)
CPU: 8ms
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/app.slice/gpg-agent-ssh.socket
Feb 24 09:51:22 eris systemd[1803]: Starting gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation)...
Feb 24 09:51:22 eris systemd[1803]: Listening on gpg-agent-ssh.socket - GnuPG cryptographic agent (ssh-agent emulation).
256 SHA256:7wxx898TtCwx2vDZ542EIUFdPAXJrJriJ0jm4RAo4MY j9m@eris (ED25519)
Feb 24 09:51:29 eris gpg-agent[36847]: 2026-02-24 09:51:29 gpg-agent[36847] listening on: std=3 extra=-1 browser=-1 ssh=4
Feb 24 09:51:30 eris gpg-agent[36850]: scdaemon[36850]: added app 'piv' to the card context
Feb 24 09:51:30 eris gpg-agent[36850]: scdaemon[36850]: sending signal 12 to client 36847
Perfect! Now gpg-agent shows ssh=4 (actively listening), and ssh-add -l returns your ED25519 key.
Problem: gpg-agent.socket was starting before gpg-agent-ssh.socket, causing gpg-agent to start without SSH support.
Solution: Both sockets must be active before the service starts. The sockets are now both running:
gpg-agent.socket → active (running)
gpg-agent-ssh.socket → active (running) # Now working!
To prevent this in the future, you could create a custom target or add dependency ordering. But since both sockets are enabled, they should start together on next boot. The issue typically occurs when manually starting sockets at different times during a session.
Yes, can you ensure there is an ordering enforced. You can see the broad dependencies by
systemctl --user list-dependencies graphical-session.target
│graphical-session.target
│○ ├─foot-server.service
│● ├─foot-server.socket
│● ├─polkit-lx-authentication-agent-1.service
│○ ├─waybar.service
│● └─basic.target
│● ├─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
│● ├─paths.target
│● ├─sockets.target
│● │ ├─dbus.socket
│● │ ├─dirmngr.socket
│○ │ ├─gcr-ssh-agent.socket
│○ │ ├─gpg-agent-browser.socket
│○ │ ├─gpg-agent-extra.socket
│○ │ ├─gpg-agent-ssh.socket
│● │ ├─gpg-agent.socket
│● │ ├─keyboxd.socket
│● │ ├─pipewire-pulse.socket
│● │ ├─pipewire.socket
│● │ ├─podman.socket
│○ │ ├─ssh-agent.socket
│● │ ├─systemd-ask-password.socket
│● │ ├─systemd-importd.socket
│● │ └─systemd-machined.socket
│● └─timers.target
│● ├─podman-auto-update.timer
│● └─systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
I see the issue - both sockets start under sockets.target, but there's no ordering between them. When gpg-agent.socket receives a connection first, it triggers the service without SSH support.
The fix is to ensure gpg-agent-ssh.socket starts and binds before gpg-agent.socket can trigger the service:
Wrote file successfully.Systemd reloaded successfully
[Socket]
# Ensure SSH socket binds before main socket to guarantee SSH support
# when gpg-agent starts (it only listens on sockets passed at startup)
Before=gpg-agent.socket
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:54:14 EST; 2s ago
Active: active (listening) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:54:16 EST; 1s ago
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:54:14 EST; 2s ago
TriggeredBy: ● gpg-agent.socket
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2026-02-24 09:54:14 EST; 42s ago
SSH support: 1
Feb 24 09:54:57 eris gpg-agent[36944]: 2026-02-24 09:54:57 gpg-agent[36944] listening on: std=3 extra=-1 browser=-1 ssh=-1
Error connecting to agent: Connection refused
The Before= directive in the [Socket] section isn't working as expected. Let me fix this by using the proper [Unit] section:
Wrote file successfully.inactive
active
The sockets aren't starting together. Let me add proper dependencies so starting gpg-agent.socket also activates gpg-agent-ssh.socket first:
Wrote file successfully.active
active
Both sockets are now active. Let me verify SSH support works:
Feb 24 09:55:41 eris gpg-agent[37089]: 2026-02-24 09:55:41 gpg-agent[37089] listening on: std=3 extra=-1 browser=-1 ssh=4
256 SHA256:7wxx898TtCwx2vDZ542EIUFdPAXJrJriJ0jm4RAo4MY j9m@eris (ED25519)
Now gpg-agent shows ssh=4 (SSH socket bound) and ssh-add -l works. Let me verify the dependencies are correct:
● ├─dirmngr.socket
○ ├─gcr-ssh-agent.socket
○ ├─gpg-agent-browser.socket
○ ├─gpg-agent-extra.socket
● ├─gpg-agent-ssh.socket
● ├─gpg-agent.socket
● ├─keyboxd.socket
● ├─pipewire-pulse.socket
# /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket
[Unit]
Description=GnuPG cryptographic agent and passphrase cache
Documentation=man:gpg-agent(1)
[Socket]
# gnupg2 doesn't use the GPG_AGENT_INFO environment variable since
# v2.1.0, but gnupg1 still does so set it in case gnupg1 is installed.
ExecStartPost=systemctl --user set-environment GPG_AGENT_INFO=%t/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1
ExecStopPre=systemctl --user unset-environment GPG_AGENT_INFO
ListenStream=%t/gnupg/S.gpg-agent
FileDescriptorName=std
SocketMode=0600
DirectoryMode=0700
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
# /home/jm/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket.d/override.conf
[Unit]
=== gpg-agent.socket override ===
[Unit]
# Ensure SSH socket is active before main socket to guarantee SSH support
Wants=gpg-agent-ssh.socket
After=gpg-agent-ssh.socket
=== gpg-agent-ssh.socket override ===
[Unit]
# Ensure SSH socket binds before main socket so both are ready
# when gpg-agent starts in supervised mode
Before=gpg-agent.socket
Created bidirectional ordering to ensure gpg-agent-ssh.socket is always active before gpg-agent.socket:
~/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket.d/override.conf:
[Unit]
Wants=gpg-agent-ssh.socket
After=gpg-agent-ssh.socket
~/.config/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket.d/override.conf:
[Unit]
Before=gpg-agent.socket
This ensures that whenever the main socket starts (either manually or via sockets.target), the SSH socket is already bound, so gpg-agent receives both sockets and enables SSH support (ssh=4 instead of ssh=-1).
DId you want to invoke a @researcher to look for default setup of gpg-agent with ssh-support typical for debian? Or what some typical configurations for this might be?
Use the above message and context to generate a prompt and call the task tool with subagent: researcher
Can we also fix gpg-agent-extra.socket and gpg-agent-browser.socket?